ANSWERS MAY BE MORE THAN ONE CHOICE 1 Which of the following

ANSWERS MAY BE MORE THAN ONE CHOICE.

1. Which of the following are effects of the sympathetic system?  [choose all that apply]

slows digestion

increases heart rate

pupil dilation

relaxes bladder

2. ₁ receptors respond to which of the following ligands? [select all possible answers]

Acetylcholine

Epinephrine

Glycine

Norepinephrine

3. What is the main difference between NMJs and varicosities?

The AP stops after reaching a varicosity as there are no voltage-gated Na⁺ channels present in this part of the membrane.

Varicosities release neurotransmitters to the interstitial fluid where NMJs do not.

NMJs provides very tight coupling for directed communication while varicosities do not have this level of directed communication.

NMJs communicate with muscle tissue while neuroeffector junctions do not.

4. What is/are the main type(s) of neurotransmitter receptor(s) of the parasympathetic system?

nicotinic

muscarinic cholinergic

-adrenergic

- adrenergic

5. Which of the following is correct concerning ACh receptors and the ANS?

Both sympathetic and parasympathetic use nicotinic receptors.

Both sympathetic and parasympathetic use muscarinic receptors.

Only sympathetic uses muscarinic.

Only parasympathetic uses nicotinic.

	1. Which of the following are effects of the sympathetic system?  [choose all that apply]
Answers: slows digestion increases heart rate pupil dilation relaxes bladder

x

Solution

The effects of sympathetic system are: slows digestion, increases heart rate and pupil dilation. (Sympathetic system is required for \' fight or flight\' and \'rest and digest\' situation.) Epinephrine and Norepinephrine. ( Epinephrine binds with higher affinity than Norepinephrine to 1 receptors). NMJs provides very tight coupling for directed communication while varicosities do not have this level of directed communication. Nicotinic and muscarinic cholinergic (Both the receptors are required by parasympathetic nervous system in which both are acted upon by acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter) Both sympathetic and parasympathetic use nicotinic receptors. (After stimulation, transmission of stimuli from preganglionic neuron to postganglionic neuron of sympathetic and parasympathetic system uses nicotinic receptors activated by acetylcholine. ).