Total 10 points Define inflow and infiltration 7 points Desc

(Total 10 points) Define inflow and infiltration (7 points). Describe two factors that can impact the amount of infiltration in a wastewater collection system (3 points)

Solution

Solution:-

Inflow:- This term is used to describe the downward flow of water through the zone of aeration towards the water table. Infiltrtion process can be understood by a simple model. Take a iron and keep the steel net in it and apply water on to the net, Some water penetrate through net and some overflows through it. The penetrated water is infiltrated water and water overflown is runoff.

Infiltation:-

When water is applied to surface of a soil, a part of it seepsinto the soil. This movement of water through soil is called infiltration.This Infiltation water increasing the moisture of soil upto field capacity and extra water goes down and become ground water.

FACTORS THAT CAN IMPACT THE AMOUNT OF INFILTRATION :-

1) SOIL CHARACTERISTICS:- Aloose permeable sandy soil have a large infiltration capacity than a light clayey soil.A soil with good underdrainage higher Infiltation capacity. A dry soil can absorb more water than the soil whose are already full of water.

The land use has significant influence on Infiltation capacity, a forest soil have high Infiltation capacity in comprasion to the same soil in urban area.

2) SURFACE COVER:-

Avegetation cover tends to increase Infiltation by :-

a) Retarding surface flow and thus allowing more time for water to drain under the soil.

b) Shielding surface from direct impact of rain drops, because raindrops cause compaction and reduces Infiltation capacity.

c) The root system of the vegetation makes the soil more permeable and thus encourage more rapid passage of infiltrating water.