innate immune cells inflammatory response What bacterial vir

innate immune cells (inflammatory response).

What bacterial virulence factors allow for C. difficile to evade, or misdirect, innate immune effector responses?

Solution

C difficile is long slender gram positive bacillus which is responsible to antibiotic associated colitis. C.difficile are generally resistant to most antibiotics. The toxins A and B enterotoxin and a cytotoxin respectively are responsible for antibiotic associated colitis. The pathogenesis of C difficile is through two mechanisms

1, Due to use of antibiotics normal microbial flora of intestine get disrupted or eradicated and the vacuum is filled with C .difficile. This depends of type of microenvironment in the intestine of the person. The patients in extremes of age are more prone to be affected. The C difficle which is inherently resistant of most of the antibiotics takes advantage of this situation.

2, C.difficile produce toxins Toxin A enterotoxin basically causes inflammation of the mucosal cell and allows toxin B (cytotoxin) to enter the cell. The toxin B causes cell death. Both the toxin stimulates immune system leading to release of interleukin and infiltration of tissue with neutrophils. The response of the body is by producing antitoxin antibodies. The patients with low immune status are likely to affect more.

If the condition is not recognised early and properly treated, it terminates fatally.