Synaptic plasticity involves structural charges in neurons s

Synaptic plasticity involves structural charges in neurons such as formation of more axon terminals formation of axillary branches mitosis of neurons formation of dendritic spines Be complete and thorough in your answer, do not make any assumptions. Define homeostasis and describe how this concept can be used to explain physiological control mechanisms. Describe the permeability properties of the axon membrane when the nerve is at rest and the permeability properties during the production of an action potential. Describe the direction and nature of the ion movements during the depolarization phase, repolarization phase and hyperpolarization phase.

Solution

Answer 1-

Homeostasis is a process of maintainence of internal balance of the body. There are a lot of metabolic reactions taking place in our body, and they need to be controlled to maintain normal conditions. Any deviation from the normal state activates the respective homeostatic mechanism. Examples of the conditions maintained are body temperature, blood sugar level, pH of the stomach, etc.

Homeostatic pathways consists of the following components-

1. Receptor: which detects the change in the body.

2. Effector: which give a response to that change

3. Controlling center: which decides the response, and controlling center is mostly the brain.

Now, homeostatic pathways could be either positive or negative feedback loops. In case of negative feedback, the stimulus is reduced so that the pathway is not triggered. And, in positive, the stimulus is activated more for an elevated response. But usually in our body, negative feedback is more prevelant as compared to positive feedback. This is how physiological mechanisms are controlled.