Urinalysis questions What if SSA reaction tested negative W

Urinalysis questions?

- What if SSA reaction tested negative? What would that indicate regarding type of protein?

-In patients such as those with upper UTI (upper urinary tract infection), such as this patient with AGN (acute glomerulonephritis) how does infection which originates in lower urinary tract eventually re-establish itself higher up to become upper UTI?

-What urinary tract structural abnormality(ies) can result in frequent upper urinary tract infections, such as pyelonephritis?

-What are the most common pathogens causing kidney infections like pyelonephritis?

-What medical conditions increase a person’s risk for developing acute pyelonephritis?

-How can the presence of RBC casts (along with WBC casts) differentiate between a kidney infection which is glomerular in origin from a kidney infection that is tubular in origin?

Solution

-SSA(sulfosalicyclic acid) reaction is used to detect the amount of protein present in the urine. However only a small amount of protein is present in the urine from blood or urinary tract itself. In this reaction 3% of SSA is added to small and equal volume of urine. The acidification results in the turbidity which is propotional to the smount of protein present in the sample. The negative results indidate that the person is in healthy state with proper kidney function.

-SSA test is generally done to detect globulin and Bence-Jone protein in addition to albumin protein.

-AGN(Acute glomerulonephritis) is an active inflammation of glomeruli. There are many diseases that cause active inflammation. AGN can be detected in urine as the blood cells and protein leaked through glomeruli. The glomeruli act as screens for kidney that prevent the entering of proteins and infected bloods. In case of lower UTI that involves urethra and urinary tract when infection occurs due to bacteria or fungus, it may travel through blood stream and infects the upper UTI over period of time if infection or disease is not treated.

-Pyelonephritis results when a lower urinary tract infection progresses to upper UTI. Bladder infection is the most common cause of pyelonephritis. Bacteria enters the body through the urethra and then it entered into bladder and sometimes it escape through the bladder and travel to kidney.

-E. coli and Enterococcus faecalis are the common pathogens that causing kidney infections like pyelonephritis.

-The medicals conditions like diabetes and kidney stones increase the risk of acute pyelonephritis.