Explain the effect on the nephron urine and hormone levels o

Explain the effect on the nephron, urine, and hormone levels of drinking 36oz of water, salt water, and beer.

Please type the answer and no copying from the internet it has to be in own words. thanks

Solution

Nephron is the functional unit of kidney and its main function is to remove wastes and excess salts in the form of urine. Drinking 36oz of water is equivalent to 1.06 liters of water. Humans daily consume up to 8 - 10 glasses or 2.5 to 3 liters of water. This results in normal kidney function with nephrons filtering blood and removing wastes and excreting in the form of urine. Drinking water do not cause any extra pressure or adverse effect on nephrons.

When salt water is consumed, the extra salts are removed by nephrons. The antidiuretic hormone (ADH) mainly reabsorbs the sodium ions required and excess ions are expelled out through urine. The urine containing more salts is concentrated. The salts expelled out but the water is conserved and due to this water accumulation (edema) in the tissues to dilute the salts is observed.

Beer contains some amount of alcohol, which acts on nephrons to expel out more water. The ADH concentration decreases in blood and this allows more urine formation and excretion.