What is the idea of the atmospheric sounding getting tempera

What is the idea of the atmospheric sounding (getting temperature profiles along the atmospheric height)? What do weighting functions characterize? How is this idea implemented on satellites?

Solution

->It is a measurement of vertical distribution of physical properties of the atmospheric column such as (pressure, temperature, wind speed and wind direction, liquid water content, ozone concentration, pollution), and other properties.

->The weighting functions characterize is achieved by decomposing the independence axiom of expected utility into separate meaningful properties. and these conditions allow us to characterize rank-dependent utility with power and exponential weighting functions.

    Moreover, by allowing probabilistic risk attitudes to vary within the probability interval, a preference foundation for rank-dependent utility with parametric inverse-S shaped weighting function is obtained.

->The temperature of the atmosphere at different altitudes and in sea and land surface temperatures can be inferred from satellite measurements. This measurements can be used to locate weather fronts, and determine the strength of tropical cyclones and study urban heat islands and monitor the global climate. Wildfires, volcanos, and industrial hot spots can also be found via thermal imaging from weather satellites.