For a voltagegated sodium channel to be triggered to open a

For a voltage-gated sodium channel to be triggered to open:

a. A mechanical force must be applied, causing it to change conformation and to allow ions to pass

b. Depolarization by ligand-activated channels must reach a threshold of -45 to -55 mV

c. A neurotransmitter binds the channel protein, causing it to change conformation and to allow ions to pass

d. It must be in an “inactive” state

e. It cannot open unless voltage-gated potassium channels have opened first

Solution

Ans: here iam discussing about voltage-gated sodium channel:

Sodium channels are integral membrane proteins that form ion channels, conducting sodium ions (Na⁺) through a cell\'s plasma membrane.

They are classified according to the trigger that opens the channel for such ions, i.e. either a voltage-change (\"Voltage-gated\", \"voltage-sensitive\", or \"voltage-dependent\" sodium channel also called \"VGSCs\" or \"Nav channel\") or a binding of a substance (a ligand) to the channel (ligand-gated sodium channels).

a)

b)

When an action potential causes the release of many acetylcholine vesicles, acetylcholine diffuses across the neuromuscular junction and binds to ligand gated nicotinic receptors on the muscle fiber.

c)

Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers produced by the nervous systems of higher organisms in order to relay a nerve impulse from one cell to another cell.

d)

The only time a member is not subject to the MCLE education and reporting requirement is during the period of time that he/she is officially listed as \"Inactive\" on State Bar records.

e)

Voltage-gated potassium channels :