explain the roles of microbial toxins on the microbial itsel

Solution

Microorganisms produce toxins, to promote infection and disease. These microorganisms include bacteria and fungi. These toxins not only cause infection, but also destroy the tissues, deteriorate the immunity. The exotoxins and endotoxins have been produced by the bacteria. The name exotoxin itself shows that the toxins get released from the bacteria to outside environment. But endotoxins do not get release from the bacterial cells and lie on the cell wall of bacteria. Mostly gram positive bacteria produces exotoxins and endotoxins by the gram negative bacteria. Botulism caused due to a neurotoxin released by a bacterium Botulinum has been a threat to humans as it could be used as biological warfare. Tetanus is a severe bacterial infection caused by the Clostridium tetany which damages the brain in vertebrates, especially humans. Streptococcus pyrogenes, produce the toxin streptolysin, which cause flesh eating disease and damages respiratory tract. Bacterial infections lead to damage the immune system and results in sepsis.