Mark all of the groups below whose sperm have to swim throug

Mark all of the groups below whose sperm have to swim through the environment to reach an egg:

a.bryophytes (example: mosses)

b.seedless vascular plants (examples: ferns and lycophytes)

c.seed plants (example: pine trees)

d.None of the above: their sperm are all encased in a desiccation-resistant sporopollenin coat

Solution

In Bryophytes(swim through water) and seedless vascular plants(swim through water droplets) ,sperm have to swim through the environment to reach an egg.

Pine trees produces 2 types of spores.Male and female which grow into male gametophytes and female gametophytes respectively.female cones have spirally arranges scales and have ovules at their base and produce sticky resin.Male cones produces large amount of pollens in the spring which is spread by wind to the female cones.resin traps the pollen and pollination occurs.