Here are two conceptual problems to be answeredthanks 1 For

Here are two conceptual problems to be answered...thanks:

1. For which energetic degrees of freedom are the energy-level spacings small relative to kT at room temperature?

2. What is the high-T approximation for rotations and vibrations? For which of these two degrees of freedom do you expect this approximation to be genrally valid at room temperature?

Thanks for a full-points answer!

Solution

At room temperature, the spacings between translational energy levels are extremely small relative to kT.

The rotational energy level spacings are also generally small relative to kT, although some species

involving light atoms (such as H2) may have energy levels spacings that are comparable to kT. Vibrational

and electronic energy levels usually have spacings that are greater than kT.