Short essay question 1Describe the cell cycle and explain wh

Short essay question

1.Describe the cell cycle and explain what happens during each part.

2.List the three types of RNA and briefly describe their functions in protein synthesis.

3. In what structural ways are RNA and DNA similar? In what ways are they different?

Answer:

1).

Cell cycle is a series of events occur in a cell that leads to divide and produce daughter cells. Cell cycle consists of two major phases.

I. Interphase: This is the resting phase between two successive cell divisions. It consists of again 3 substages.

a. G1 phase: Cellular contents will be duplicated excluding chromosomes.

b. S phase: DNA replication takes place

c. G2 phase: Cell growth continues and checks the DNA is duplicated or not.

II. Mitotic phase: In this phase nucleus divides (karyokinesis) first and then cytoplasm (cytokinesis). It consists of four phases.

1. Karyokinesis:

a. Prophase: Nuclear membrane and nucleolous disappears. Chromosomes become shorten and bulged.

b. Metaphase: Chromosomes are aligned at the center of the cell by spindle fibers.

c. Anaphase: Chromosomes or chromatids move to opposite poles due to contraction of spindle fibers.

d. Telophase: Nuclear membrane and nucleolous reappear. Two nuclei are produced.

2. Cytokinesis: Cytoplasm will be divided. Then one cell becomes two cells.