1 You are studying two types of snakes one type has dark bro

1. You are studying two types of snakes, one type has dark brown skin and the other has pale tan skin. You have determined that the difference between these two snakes is due to a mutation that occurs in a gene encoding a pigment protein. The reason their skin color is different is:

a.The genetic code is different in the snake with the dark brown skin when compared to the snake with the tan skin

b.The dark brown skin gene is totally different than the tan skin gene.

c. A codon in the skin color gene is different in the snake with the dark brown skin compared to the snake with the tan skin

2. Transcription and replication share which of the following characteristics?

a. The entire chromosome must be unwound to synthesize the new strands.

b. An RNA primer is required for the initiation of transcription and replication.

c. Both transcription and replication have leading and lagging strands that are base paired to the parental strands in an antiparallel orientation.

d. Synthesis occurs 5’ to 3’ for both replication and transcription.

3. Imagine that a new species of bacteria is isolated from an asteroid and that scientists are trying to determine if its genetic code is the same seen in other bacteria found here on earthsuch as E. coli. What experiment would help them clarify this?

a. isolate DNA from the new bacteria and compare the gene sequences to E. coli gene sequences

b. isolate RNA from that new bacteria and try to translate it using the protein translation machinery from E. coli

c. compare the amino acid sequences that result from an RNA isolated from the new bacteria translated in both the new bacteria and translated in E. coli

d. Isolate proteins from that new bacteria and see if those proteins contain the same amino acids as E. coli proteins

4. Alpha amanitin is a drug that binds RNA polymerase and prevents it from functioning in the cell. The reason people die when they consume alpha amanitin is:

a. Alpha amanitin prevents gene expression from occurring in the cell.

b. DNA replication is directly inhibited by alpha amantin.

c. Alpha amanitin binds proteins and causes them to be enzymatically degraded.

d. When RNA polymerase cannot function in the cell, the messenger RNAs that are synthesized are inhibited from being translated.

5. The following elements are needed for transcription to initiate in E. coli:

a. an origin and RNA polymerase

b. initiator protein and a promoter

c. the sigma subunit of RNA polymerase and an RNA template

d. RNA polymerase and a promoter

6. You are comparing transcription of gene X in a normal strain of E. coli cells and a strain of that has been mutated. You observe that in the mutant cells gene X is not transcribed. What mutation in could explain this observation?

a. The sigma subunit of RNA polymerase is non functional.

b. There is a mutation within the protein coding sequence of gene X that causes the production of a non functional protein.

c. There is a mutation in the-10 TATaaT promoter sequence for gene X.

d. There is a mutation in the start codon for gene X.

7. Which RNA was synthesized from the following DNA template strand? 5’ AATGCCTTAGCG 3’

a. 5’ UUACGGUUACGC 3’

b. 5’ TTACGGAATCGC3’

c. 5’CGCUAAGGCAUU3’

d. 5’GCGUAAGGCUUA 3’

8. Where is the information that directs protein synthesis found in DNA?

a. in the arrangement of the phosphate groups

b. in the order of the nitrogenous bases

c. in the nucleosomes that are complexed to the DNA

d. in the order of the amino acids

e. b and d

9.When histone proteins are acetylated (chemically modified with an acetyl group) in eukaryotic cells, the nucleosomes _______________ on the DNA and transcription is ________________.

a. decondense, inhibited

b. condense, activated

c. decondense activated

d. condense, inhibited

10. You are studying transcription in eukaryotic cells using radioactive uracil. You notice that that in some of those cells the radioactive labels stays localized in the nucleus. Which of the following explanations would explain your observation?

a. Those cells are normal, uracil labels transcription and transcription occurs in the nucleus.

b. The capping enzyme in those cells is non functional.

c. The chromatin remodeling complex is not functional in these cells.

d. The RNA polymerase in those cells is non functional

Brief explanations here and there would be well appreciated! I have an idea for some of the answers, but I am not quite sure about them.

Solution

2) The synthesis occurs in 5\'-3\' orientation in both Replication and transcription.

Entire DNA need not unwind for synthesis. RNA primer or primer is not needed to initiate Transcription but in replication RNA primer is neede to initiate replication.

3) To detemine if the new bacteria genetic code is same as the existing bacteria, the DNA of the new bacteria need to be isolated and then compared with the exxisting bacterial gene sequences. After comparing the gene sequences. The protein comparision has to be done to check for protein homology between the 2 bacteria

4) Alpha amanitin inhibits RNA polymerase II. It binds to RNA polymerase II and inhibits transcription and cause cytolysis of hepatocytes.

5) Transcription need an RNA polymerase and a promoter. The RNA pol binds to the promoter along with other proteins and initiate transcription.

7) 5’ AATGCCTTAGCG 3’ template strand (nonsense strand)

RNA 3\' UUACGGAAUCGC 5\' or 5\' CGCUAAGGCAUU3\'

So the answer is C

The template strand is transcribed and forms RNA that is complementary to the template strand or nonsense strand. But is carries the same information as the sense strand

8) The information in DNA is present in the order of nucleotides. In protein it is present in the order of aminoacids

9) Histone acetylation removes the positive charge and relaxes the chromosome from a condensed stage to decondensed stage. This activates transcription. So

Acetylation decondense and active transcription