define vocabulary words cell theory cell wall chloroplasts c

define vocabulary words

cell theory
cell wall
chloroplasts
chromatin
cilia
cytoplasm
cytoskeleton
endoplasmic reticulum
eukaryotic
flagella
golgi apparatus
lysosomes
mitochondria
nucleus
plasma membrane
prokaryotic
ribosomes
vacuoles

Solution

1. Cell theory : It describes the basic properties of the cell. All living things are made up of cells and cell is the basic structural unit of an organism

2. Cell wall : It is the outer most protective layer of the cell which is present in plant, fungi, bacteria, and algae.

3. Chloroplast : An organelle present in plant and algal cells which contain the green pigment chlorophyll and it is the place where photosynthesis occurs.

4. Chromatin : Condensed form with nucleosomes where DNA is wrapped around the protein histone. Less compact bead on string is euchromatin. Highly compact structure is heterochromatin.

5. Cilia : Hair like structures protruding from the animal cells and it helps in various functions of the cell.

6. Cytoplasm : A fluid like base of the cell enclosed by the membrane where different organelles are present with its own membrane

7. Cytoskeleton : Backbone structure of the cell with microtubules, intermediate filaments and microfilaments which helps in maintaining the cell shape, structure, transportation of secreted molecules, and cell division.

8. Endoplasmic reticulum : An organelle present in eukaryotic cells which is involved in protein and lipid synthesis and in processing and translocating secreted molecules to its destination.

9. Eukaryotic : A cell with true nucleus and organelles like endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, mitochondria.

10. Flagella : Long and thin structure which protrudes from the cell membrane which helps in locomotion and other activities of the cell. Found mostly in prokaryotes.

11. Golgi apparatus : An organelle present in eukaryotic cells which is involved in translocating secreted proteins to its destination

12. Lysosomes : An organelle with lytic enzymes which is involved in eliminating the cellular debris.

13. Mitochondria : Power house of cell where ATP, the energy currency is synthesized.

14. Nucleus : An organelle which contains hereditary material, DNA.

15. Plasma membrane : A protective layer of animal cells made up of lipids and proteins.

16. Prokaryotic : A cell which lacks true nucleus and organelles

17. Ribosomes : A site for protein synthesis. Some are present freely in the cytoplasm and some are embedded in the endoplasmic reticulum.

18. Vacuoles : An organelle present mainly in plant and fungal cells which act as storage bubbles.