Fully label the reaction coordinate diagram of an enzymecata

Fully label the reaction coordinate diagram of an enzyme-catalyzed (continuous line) vs. uncatalyzed reaction (dashed line). a) What is the value of Delta G degree\' for the reaction? b) Is the reaction spontaneous in the direction written (left to right)? c) What is the value of Delta G^# for the catalyzed reaction? d) What is the value of Delta G^# for the uncatalyzed reaction? e) Calculate the rate enhancement for this reaction. Consider the reaction: Draw reasonable reaction mechanisms under the following different circumstances (one mechanism for each reaction): a) General acid catalysis (A-H is available) List 3 amino acids that might be proton donors for part (a) b) General base catalysis (B: is available) List 3 amino acids that might be proton acceptors for part (b) c) Electrostatic stabilization by Cu^2+ List 3 other reasonable metals that might serve in part (c) a) Study the mechanism of RNAse A in the text. Why does this enzyme have no activity at all with DNA? b The pH of the lysosome is about 5.0. What is the likely pH optimum of proteases that operate in the lysosome? How effective will these enzymes be in the cytoplasm? What are the EC numbers for the carboxypeptidease proteases? Why do these enzymes have three unique identifiers (16, 17, and 18)?

Solution

1. DELTA G (free energy) is the change in energy.

= G (FINAL)-G(INITIAL)

= -5 -0

= -5 KJ/MOL

B. SINCE THE FREE ENERGY CHANGE IS NEGATIVE, THEREFORE, THE REACTION IS SPONTANEOUS.

C. FREE ENERGY CHANGE FOR CATALYZED REACTION IS:

G (FINAL)- G (INITIAL)

= -5 -(0)

= -5 KJ/MOL

D.

FREE ENERGY CHANGE FOR UNCATALYZED REACTION IS:

G (FINAL)- G (INITIAL)

= -5 -(0)

= -5 KJ/MOL

2. Answer is given in the image attached.

3. RNase A is an RNase that is commonly used in research. RNase A (e.g., bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A) is one of the hardiest enzymes in common laboratory usage; one method of isolating it is to boil a crude cellular extract until all enzymes other than RNase A are denatured. It is specific for single-stranded RNAs. It cleaves the 3\'-end of unpaired C and U residues, ultimately forming a 3\'-phosphorylated product via a 2\',3\'-cyclic monophosphate intermediate. It does not require any cofactors for its activity. RNAase A does not have activity at all with DNA because RNase A does not cleave DNA since DNA bases do not have the 2’-hydroxyl group required by RNase A for forming the cyclic intermediate cleavage product. The molecular weight of RNase A is 13.7 kDa. RNase A does not require any co-factors for activity.

4. The Enzyme Commission number (EC number) is a numerical classification scheme for enzymes, based on the chemical reactions they catalyze.As a system of enzyme nomenclature, every EC number is associated with a recommended name for the respective enzyme. A carboxypeptidase (EC number 3.4.16 - 3.4.18) is a protease enzyme that hydrolyzes (cleaves) a peptide bond at the carboxy-terminal (C-terminal) end of a protein or peptide.

The carboxypeptidase peptides have three unique identifiers due to the classification of them which is as follows:

Carboxypeptidases are usually classified into one of several families based on their active site mechanism.