Read the article The shadow economy in industrial countries

Read the article:

The shadow economy in industrial countries By Dominik H. Enste

https://wol.iza.org/articles/shadow-economy-in-industrial-countries/long

What does the term ‘shadow economy’ mean? How does the shadow economy affect GDP in different countries? What are the main factors influencing the shadow economy? Why is the shadow economy a challenge for the governments?

Solution

Shadow economy:

How does it affect Economy:

Factors influencing Shadow economy:

Challenge to government: