Question 3Oxidation States of lons in Molecules a The oxidat

Question 3-Oxidation States of lons in Molecules a. The oxidation state of an ion in a bond is the charge that ion would have if the bond were entirely ionic (sometimes also called a \"valence charge\" since it would require gaining or losing valence electrons). For instance, NaCI (sodium chloride) contains an alkali metal (Na which is easily ionized, losing an electron t (Cl; whic NaCi, then, the sodium cation has an oxidation state of 1t and the chloride anion has an oxidation state of 1- gain a 1+ charge and forming Na\") and a halogen h has a high electronegativity and easily accepts an electron to form CI). In the case of Determine the most probable oxidation states of the atoms in the following molecules. There\'s a periodic table at the end of this homework that shows some of the most common oxidation states for each element (though, some elements have lots more!). Clearly indicate the numbers you\'ve determined for each element by using atomic notation as shown for the first one: SnO2 NaOH CaSO4 FeS Fe2* s2- CO2 Sic MgSiO3

Solution

SnO₂ : Sn⁴⁺ O^2-

NaOH : Na¹⁺ OH^1-  or O^2- and H¹⁺

CaSO₄ : Ca²⁺ S⁶⁺ O^2-

CO₂ : C⁴⁺ O^2-

CaAl₂Si₂O₈ : Ca²⁺ Al³⁺ Si⁴⁺ O²⁺

SiC : Si⁴⁺ C^4-

MgSiO₃ : Mg²⁺ Si⁴ O^2-

> For magnetite Fe₃O₄

we have two different oxidation states of Fe- +2 and +3

FeO + Fe₂O₃ = Fe₃O₄

hence, we have one Fe atom in +2and two Fe atoms in +3 oxidation states

> No idea about what u have discussed in the class.

although, I can try explaining it according to my understanding

The two sulfur atoms of thiosulfate exist in the oxidation state of sulfate (+6) and sulfide (2) and do not change their respective oxidation states upon disproportionation. Results based on XANES spectroscopy indicate that the two different sulfur atoms in thiosulfate have charge densities corresponding to +5 and 1 oxidation states

and in Using X-ray absorption to probe sulfur oxidation states in complex molecules the oxidation states were established for the outer and inner sulfur atoms of thiosulfate as 1 and +5, respectively.

There is a difference between formal and apparent oxidation state received from XANES measurements, for example the apparent oxidation states of sulfur in thiosulfates, obtained from XANES data, are -1 and +5, while the formal ones are -2 and +6. Such a difference could occur due to the calibration curve which has been done on the basis of chemical compounds in which there are ionic bonds which isn\'t true in the case of thiosulfates.

Also, experimentally, the S-S is somewhere between a single bond and a double bond based on its length, so the number of electrons to be apportioned is also in question.

Bonds between like atoms (having the same formal charge) are cleaved homolytically.

If an S=S double bond of thiosulfate is cleaved homolytically, 0 and +4 oxidation states result.

If an S-S single bond of thiosulfate is cleaved homolytically, -1 and +5 oxidation states result.