The rst mathematical theory of sound was provided by Sir Isa

The rst mathematical theory of sound was provided by Sir Isaac Newton in his revolutionary book Principia (1686). He made an assumption that today is under-stood to mean that the gas experiences isothermal [Eq. (5.2.2)] rather than isentropic [Eq. (5.2.3)] compression and expansion. Did that make his prediction of the sound speed in air too high or too low, and by what percentage? This “mistake” was corrected by Laplace in the early 19th century (by which time thermodynamics had progressed to the point where the dierence between isentropic and isothermal processes was un-derstood).

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