Take the basic HardyWeinberg Equilibrium equation where ther

Take the basic Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium equation, where there are alleles A and B. If the frequency of the two alleles are represented by p and q, then the expected genotypic frequencies are p2 2pq q2. Please review your comfort with calculating observed and expected allele and genotype frequencies. Try adding subscripts to the equation for relative fitness (use w) to predict change in allele frequency due to selection. Both inbreeding and genetic drift can cause problems for rare species with declining population size due to reducing genetic diversity. Please contrast (say how they are different these two forces in terms of number of alleles at a locus (some loci have more than two alleles) and in terms of average heterozygosity at a locus. In most organisms most mating is local. If populations of an organism are scattered across a landscape, with gaps between population, how will that affect inbreeding and expected Hardy Weinberg equilibrium?

Solution

Both inbreeding and genetic drift can cause problems for rare species with declining population size due to reducing genetic diversity. Please contrast (say how they are different) these two forces in terms of number of alleles at a locus (some loci have more than two alleles) and in terms of average heterozygosity at a locus. In most organisms most mating is local. If populations of an organism are scattered across a landscape, with gaps between population, how will that affect inbreeding and expected Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? If migration among populations increases how will it affect inbreeding and expected hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

P^2 = homozygous dominant

2pq =heterozygotes

Q^2= homozygous recessive

According to hardy Weinberg

P^2 +2pq + Q^2 =1

p = p² + ½ (2pq) = p² + pq

q = q² + ½ (2pq) = q² + pq

p + q = 1

(p + q)² = 1

p² + 2pq + q² = 1 (the Hardy-Weinberg Principle)

Inbreeding can be referred as the mating between closely related organisms.

Inbreeding favors homozygosity, and increase q^2 (recessive homozygotes) and decreases dominant phenotypes

It will increases the chances of offspring being affected by recessive or lethal traits.

Genetic bottlenecks and founder effects occurs in the population

Leads to

Hence population will be deviated from hardy-Weinberg equilibrium