Does pH Influence the enzyme activity How Name the enzymes u

Does pH Influence the enzyme activity? How? Name the enzyme(s) used to digest carbohydrates. Which enzyme is used to digest fats? For better digestion, what temperature should the food you eat have? What will happen to a person in whom the gallbladder does not release bile? List all possible symptoms. If there is damage to the epithelial lining of the jejunum, what function of the digestive system will suffer the most?

Solution

1) Effect of pH on enzyme activity :-

Enzymes are made up of proteins these are active at the optimum pH, even at low or high pH it looses or slows down the enzyme activity,if we plot a graph pH vs Enzyme activity we will obtain bell shaped curve, the enzyme activity measured spectrophotometrically. At the peak of the bell shows optimum pH of particular enzyme, it varies from one to other. Eg: Pepsin is the pyloric enzyme active at pH 1.5 because it is present in high acidic conditions, whereas urease, chymotrypsin etc shows nearly 7.5 alkaline pH. The interaction of the proton released with pH conditions alters the conformational shape of the active site of the enzyme.

2)Starting with mouth digestion starts, the salivary amylase from the salivary glands, pancreatic amylase, intestinal lactase, maltase, sucrase invovles in the digestion of the carbohydrates, these enzymes breaks the glycosidic bonds between the monomers and release into monomer units and catabolised, by glycolysis.

3)Lipid digestion starts in mouth like carbohydrates,lingual lipase, pancreatic lipase,sterol esterase makes fats breakdown into fatty acids and glycerol.

4)the temperature between 37C to 42C is the optimum temperature for better digestion of food.

5)If bile is not produced, fats will not digested, bile emulsfies fats and breakdown into fatty acids and glycerols,bilurubin and bilivirdin are the bile pigments which converts fats into components, many of the fat soluble vitamins like ADEK are not at all worked due to absent of fats ultimately liver, gall bladder get destroyed.

6) If the epithelial tissue of jejenum is damaged, the interstinal cells will looses it capacity of the absorbing digested food through villi present in the jejenum, ileum. The secondary lymphoid organs like lamina proporia and peyer patches of GALT is distrubed and ultimately shows immunideficien