What are the major three functional categories of vertebrate

What are the major three functional categories of vertebrate hormones? Please name a few names of some of these hormones, what they do, and how their release is controlled.

Solution

3 fuctional categories of vertebrate hormones are as follows:-

a) Amino acid derived Hormones (as name suggests they are derived from amino acids or even peptides)

b) Eicosanoids (derived from lipids like lipoxins, arachidonic acid and prostaglandins)

c) Steroids

Some of the most Important hormones under the above categories are:-

Amino acid derived Hormones - Insulin, Growth hormone

Eicosanoids:- Hydroxyeicosatetraenoate (HETE) and leukotriene (LT)

Steroids:- Estrogen and Testosterone

Functions:-

Insulin:- Maintain low blood glucose levels

Growth Hormone:- Regulates body\'s metabolism and acts on body\'s fat cells to reduce stored fats and promotes protein synthesis

HETE:- Has function in inflammation, blood flow to tissues and during allergic reactions and also to maintain blood pressure

LTs:-Plays important roles during hypersensitivity reactions, promotes releas of mucus from the lungs for asthma patients when they are exposed to allergens

Estrogen:- In Females it helps in development of their secondary characters like endothelium, controls menstrual cycle, breasts, while in males it helps in the maturation of sprems

Testosterone:- Helps in the development of primary sexual characteristics like testes and prostrate alongwith the secondary sexual characteristics like development of muscle, bone mass and growth of body hair.

Regulation:-

Insulin:- Corticosteroids, Growth hormone and thyroxine regulate the release of Insulin

Growth hormone: Hypothalamus releases GHRH and somatostatins which regulate the release of GH

HETEs and LTs :- Regulation of the production of leukotrienes is either through the activity of direct inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase or even the indirect leukotriene biosynthesis inhibitors

Estrogen:- Hypothalamus releases Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone which stimulates release of FSH and LH whicch regulate the release of Estrogen

Testosterone:- Hypothalamus releases Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone which stimulates release of FSH and LH whicch regulate the release of Testosterone