What are three ways in which reactive oxygen species can dam

What are three ways in which reactive oxygen species can damage microbes?

Solution

Answer= three ways in which reactive oxygen species can damage microbes are

Reactive oxygen species - are chemically reactive chemical species containing oxygen

1] hydroxyl radical = is extremely reactive & easily removed electrons from any molecule of its pathturning that molecule in a free radical & propagating a chain reaction

2] Hydrogen peroxide [H2O2] = is more damaging to DNA than hydroxyl radical

superoxide & H2O2 are produced primarily in cytoplasm when oxygen collides with various redox enzymes

H2O2 can damage variety of biomolecules

these damage results in metabolic defects including auxotrophy for aromatic,branched chain & sulphur containing amino acids

damages DNA

3] superoxide radical = if too much damage is present in mitochondria then cell undergoes apoptosis or programmed cell death