Name a protein that contacts the insulin receptor inside the

Solution

Insulin mediated targets are lipid metabolism, glucose and protein metabolism and cell growth and differentiation. To activate and control all these targets, various signalling pathways are mediated by adaptor molecules.  And such adaptor molecules are IRS (Insulin Receptor Substrates), the SHC (Src and Collagen Homologues) and the GRB2 (Growth Factor Receptor Binding protein-2)

IRS (Insulin receptor substrate) is one such adaptor protein that binds to intracellular domain of insulin receptor and activates two pathways. One is phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway and other is MAPK (mitogen activated protein kinase, also known as ERK or extracellular signal regulated kinase) pathway.

PI3K pathway is responsible for metabolic effects of insulin while MAPK is responsible for regulation of gene expression.