2Perform a research and read information related to the topi

2.Perform a research and read information related to the topics below. Write a short definition or description. ( Put the references)

1.      Motivation: definition, theories and it’s characteristics

2.      Diversity in the working environment

3.      Empowerment

4.      Leadership

5.      The skills of a visionary leader

6.      Leadership styles

7.      Communication process: formal and informal

8.      Communication barriers

9. Design and control implementation

10.       Correction Controls

11.       Decision making process

Solution

2.
1.
Motivation refers to the reason or urge required to fulfil the needs or do something that bring satisfaction to the person either in an organizational setting or in a society. The motivation can be intrinsic as well as extrinsic also as far as its characteristics are concerned. The following theories or approaches of motivation is developed.
1.   Maslow needs of Hierarchy having 5 types of needs identified by Maslow and employees approach one need at a time
2.   Two factor theory developed by Herzberg where two sets of factors are there that affect the employee motivation. Managers should identify and use it to improve the staff motivation.
3.   McGregor’s X and Y theory of motivation where theory Y is used to bring intrinsic motivation and factor X is extrinsic and external rewards and punishment program is used to control the X factors.
4.   ERG theory of motivation. Here, there are three categories of needs in ERG theory that are existence, relatedness and growth needs.
2.
Diversity in the working environment refers to the inclusion and promotion of individuals with diverse background on the basis of sex, religion, age, ethnicity and se-xual orientation among the other factors. It brings different values, innovation and creativity to the organization and strong organizational culture is developed.
3.
Empowerment refers to the enabling someone with authority to do something. Empowering is used in organizational setting to improve the motivation of the employees. It is also used as a tool to uplift the particular community in a society and join the mainstream of the economy.
4.
Leadership is the ability to effectively communicate with the people to convey the ideas and motivate them for a cause or organizational goals. A good leadership makes people to believe what is said by the leader and they become followers.

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