1 What is xerostomia How would it affect nutrition 2 What is

1. What is xerostomia? How would it affect nutrition?

2. What is dysphagia? Name 3 medical conditions that could cause it.

3. If a patient has dysphagia, what type of dietary change would help?

4. Impaired lower esophageal sphincter tone leads to what condition? Name 2 risk factors for it.

5. How does the stomach and small intestine protect itself from the acid?

6. Where do most ulcers occur?

7. What is Helicobacter pylori?

8. Define steatorrhea.

9. Crohn’s disease often leads to what mineral deficiency? Why?

10. Elemental formula means what?

11. What is refeeding syndrome?

12. What is the difference between diverticulosis and diverticulitis? What is the universal nutritional recommendation to prevent both?

13. Celiac disease is insensitivity to what protein? What 3 dietary sources should be avoided?

14. What is cirrhosis? Name 3 causes.

15. Where is bile made? Stored? Released?

16. Omega-3 fatty acids (Fish oil) is an effective technique in lowering what cardiovascular risk factor?

17. Cholesterol is made where in the body? In the diet, does it come from plant or animal origin or both?

18. What levels of HDL are consider higher risk? Lower risk? What 2 lifestyle changes can improve it?

19. Name three non-modifiable risk factors for heart disease?

20. TLC diet lists many recommendations. What percentage should fat be? How much cholesterol in a day? What percentage of trans fatty acids?

21. Where is the antidiuretic hormone made? What organ does it affect?

22. Where is aldosterone made? What mineral does it affect?

23. What does DASH stand for?

24. Name 2 modifiable risk factors for Type II diabetes?

25. What is macrosomia?

26. What hormone works opposite of insulin?

27. Ketones come from the breakdown of what?

28. Name 3 organs that are affected by diabetes and how?

29. Are low carbohydrate diets recommended for diabetes? Explain why or why not?

30. What is the duration of long acting insulin?

Solution

1. xerostomia- It is medical condition where there is deficiency in saliva production that causes dryness of the mouth there is reduced or absent saliva flow.it is caused by caused by inadequate function of the salivary glands. the major causes of this disease are Medication, Age, Dehydration, Cancer therapy etc.

Absence or reduced saliva can result in nutrition problem because saliva have various digestive role like secretion of salivary amylase, which is capable of breaking down starch into simpler sugars such as maltose and dextrin so if saliva is less the there will problem in digestion and swallowing of the food.

2. Dysphagia- Difficulty in swallowing is called dysphagia Usually caused by nerve or muscle problems, it is more common in older people. the condition caused after a stroke, or due to a difficulty making saliva. Issues in the throat are often caused by a neurological problem that affects the nerves.

3. If patient have dysphagia he should take food in the form of liquid it is also important that the patient has a well-balanced diet.

4. when of classic motility disorders, such as diffuse esophageal spasm caused when esophageal motor function is abnormal, but does not satisfy the diagnostic features. the dysphagia and Xerostomia may be caused by  Impaired lower esophageal sphincter tone