Discuss the relative advantages and disadvantages of light a

Discuss the relative advantages and disadvantages of light and electron microscopy. How would you best visualize (a) a living cell, (b) a yeast mitochondrion, (c) a bacterium, and (d) a microtubule? (1-6) Identify which of the following statements are FALSE ... and then explain WHY they are false, (definitely modified 1-9) (a) The hereditary information of a cell is passed on by its proteins. (b) Bacterial DNA is found in the cytosol (c) All cells of the same organism have the same number of chromosomes (with the exception of egg & sperm cells). (d) The cytosol contains membrane-enclosed organelles, such as lysosomes. (e) Nuclei, mitochondria and peroxisomes are surrounded by a double membrane (f) Protozoans are complex organisms with a set of specialized cells that form tissues, such as flagella, mouthparts. stinging darts, and leg-like appendages. (g) lysosomes, peroxisomes and golgi are sites of degradation for various cellular material What are the arguments that all living cells evolved from a common ancestor cell? Imagine the early days of evolution of life on Earth. Would you assume that the primordial ancestor cell was the first and only cell to form? Why/why not? (1-19) What is meant by the\" polarity of a polypeptide chain\" vs the \"polarity of a chemical bond\"? How do the meanings differ? Include diagrams to help explain your answer, (slightly enhanced 2-7) Phospholipids and fatty acids are said to be amphipathic. What is meant by this term, and how would an amphipathic molecule behave in water Draw a diagram to help illustrate your answer (2-20) The phosphoanhydride bond that links the last phosphate group in ATP is a high-energy linkage with a standard delta G value of -7.3 kcal/mol. Yet in the cell, hydrolysis of this bond liberates from 11 to 13 kcal/mole of usable energy, (a) How can this be? (b) Why is there a range of energies given, rather than a precise number as for the standard delta G ? (3-8) Consider the effects of the following 2 proposed enzyme The first enzyme (A) catalyzes the following reaction: ATP + GOP doubleheadarrow ADP + GTP and, the second enzyme (B) catalyzes the reaction NADM + NADP doubleheadarrow NAD + + NAOPH (a) State whether enzyme (A) would be beneficial or detrimental to cells and explain why (b) State whether enzyme (B) would be beneficial or detrimental to cells and explain why. (slightly enhance 3 18) Select the statements that are INCORRECT, and for each incorrect statement explain why!! (slightly modified 12-10) a) The plasma membrane is highly impermeable to all charged molecules. b) Channels must first bind to solute molecules before they can select those that they allow to pass. c) Transporters allow solutes to cross a membrane at much faster rates than do channels. d) Certain H+ pumps are fueled by light energy e) The plasma membrane of many animal cells contains open K+ channels, yet the X. concentration in the cytosol is much higher than outside the cell. f) A symport would function as an antiport if Its orientation in Use membrane were reversed (i.e., if the portion of the molecule normally exposed to the cytosol faced the outside of the cell instead). g) The membrane potential of an axon temporally becomes more negative when an action potential excites it. Name (a) one similarity and (b) one difference between each of the following (slightly modified 12-12J a) Symport & antiport b) Active transport & passive transport c) Membrane potential & electrochemical gradient d) Axon & telephone wire e) Solute & ion

Solution

2) (a) the heridetary information of the cell are carried out by proteins.. This is false as I carried out by DNA..

(e) the lyzosome is a double memberane structure.. Now this false.. It is a single membrane bound organelle..

(g) Golgi involved in cellular destruction.. This is false.. It does not involve in this..

8) (d) H+ pumps derived by light energy..This is false.. It can uses ATP if used..!!