How does Piagent explain cognitive development and how is t

) How does Piagent explain cognitive development and how is that different from Vygotsky?

2) How does infant-caregiver attachment affect the child both in a positive way and in a negative way?

3) How does parenting style and peer relationships affect socialization?

4) How does puberty affect one\'s self concept and behavior?

5) What are some physical and cognitive changes for a) early adulthood? b) middle adulthood? c) later adulthood?

6) What do you think about death and dying for the elderly? Give 3 things that you find very important that the elderly must have or do or think etc.

Solution

1) Paiget and Vygotsky greatly influenced the cognitive development startegies in children. Piaget proposed that cognitive development from infant to young adult occurs in four universal and consecutive stages: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operations, and formal operations. According to Vygotsky, thinking begins on a social level and is then internalized. So what you say to young children and how you say it is important. He described three stages of speech development namely social or external speech, egocentric speech and inner speech.

2) The infant care-giver attachment affect the child both in a positive and negative way. Child care-giver attachment is where the child uses the primary caregiver as a secure base from which to explore and, when necessary, as a haven of safety and a source of comfort. Having a loving primary caregiver and developing organized and secure attachment to a primary caregiver is a benefit acts as a protective factor against social and emotional maladjustment for infants and children. If the care-givers are inconsistent, unresponsive and arrogant, this will affect the infants behavior in a negative way.

3) Parenting styles directly or indirectly will effect the social behavior of the children. The parenting styles differ from each family to other. Parents are the first teachers of children. Responsive and contingent parenting produces securely attached children who show more curiosity, self-reliance, and independence. Categories of parenting styles include authoritative, authoritarian, permissive or indulgent and indifferent or neglecting and each of them affect the socialization differently. Peer relationships will aid in the better socialization of children during their schooling and other academic sucess. They are important factor for their development. Children who have poor peer relationships might become more vulnerable to emotional problems and social adjustment as adolescents.

4) Adolscence is an important stage in a persons life and it very greatly influences his/her self esteem and behavior. The physical and emotional changes that takes place will present new challenges to the children behavior. But these are compulsory and every child passes through this stage when they learn from their own experiences.