Please explain in detail especially reading the blotting dat

Please explain in detail, especially reading the blotting data.

You have identified seven beta-thalassemia patients (A-G) that all have point mutations in the beta-globin gene. The positions of the point mutations are indicated by arrows in the gene schematic shown below (exons are shown as boxes with untranslated regions in grey, and start (AUG) and stop codons and the poly(A) site are indicated). For each patient, you isolate blood cells and perform Northern and Western blots for the beta-globin mRNA and protein, and compare them to a normal person (NP). For patient A, the mutation is found in the branch site of intron 2, which, as seen in the Northern blot results in a longer mRNA (as compared to the normal person) due to failure to remove intron 2, and as seen in the Western blot, a shorter protein due to translation termination happening within intron 2. Based on the shown Northern and Western blot results, label which of the indicated mutations is found in each of patients B-G. (One mutation per patient). (6)

Solution

The mRNAs of B and C are of same size as that of the normal patient as all the introns are removed. But, the protein of patient B is shorter due to the translation termination at the starting stage itself resulting in a very short protein. In patient C, the protein size is longer than that of the normal patient as there was no translation termination at the stop codon region.

In patient D, the size of mRNA is longer than that of the normal patient as the intron is retained from removal. The size of the protein in patient D is very much shorter than that of the normal patient indicating that the translation termination must have occurred in the beginning stages itself within another intron.

In patient E, the size of mRNA is very much longer as all the introns are retained while the protein size is same as that of the normal patient due to the extension of the translation till the poly (A) tail.

In patient F, neither the mRNA nor the protein is seen in the blots as the mutation has occurred upstream to the starting site of the transcription. There was no formation of mRNA and protein.

In patient G, mRNA is longer than that of the normal patient as the intron2 is not removed and is retained. The protein of the patient G compared to that of the normal patient was shorter due to earlier termination of the translation within the intron2.