1 Modern cells are thought to have arisen from a protocells

1. Modern cells are thought to have arisen from a. protocells b. pre-cells c. gas and dust clouds. d. prokaryotic cells that predated protocells. e. prokaryotic cells that predated pre-cells. 2. Where did Earth\'s atmosphere originate? a. Earth\'s gravity trapped gasses from passing comets. b. Gases were released from the Earth itself as it cooled. c. The atmosphere was derived from dust particles from the original gas cloud around the planet. d. Earth\'s gravity trapped gasses from passing comets, gases were released from the Earth itself as it cooled, and the atmosphere was derived from dust particles from the original gas cloud around the planet. e. Gases were released from the Earth itself as it cooled and the atmosphere was derived from dust particles from the original gas cloud aroundthe planet. 3. Why is the absence of atmospheric oxygen (Ol so important to the Oparin-Haldane hypothesis? a. Oxygen is corrosive and thus would have degraded many of the metallic compounds on the surface, releasing toxic gasses into the new atmosphere. b. oxygen is more reduced than hydrogen gas, methane, or ammonia. c. Oxygen would have supported microorganisms that help chemical decay proceed. d. Oxygen is able to reverse reactions by removing electrons and hydrogen from organic molecules, thus destroying the first organic compounds as quickly as they developed. e. Oxygge would have caused multiple explosions, converting chemical energy into heat en energy and rendering that energy unavailable for driving the synthesis of organic molecules 4. What happens when phospholipids are placed in an aqueous solution? a. They dispersethroughout the solution and form polar bonds with other organic molecules present in the solution. b. They move to the water\'s surface and form a single-layered membrane between the water and the atmosphere. c. They repel one another. d. They spontaneously form bilayers. e. The hydrophobic tales force the phospholipids to form \"beads\" at the surface, much like you see when vegetable oil is added to an aqueous solution. 8. Which of the following was probably the first information storage molecule? a. DNA. b. RNA c. protein d. carbohydrates e. lipids

Solution

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A. Protocells

A protocell is a self-organized, endogenously ordered, spherical collection of lipids considered as a precursor of modern cells