1 Name some commonly known application layer protocols 2 Wha

1. Name some commonly known application layer protocols.

2. What is HTTP and what do we use it for?

3. What is DHCP used for?

4. The protocols SMTP, POP3, and IMAP are e-mail-related protocols. What are the differences among these protocols?

5. What makes SSH safer than Telnet?

6. What can the network administrator do with LDAP?

7. What are the TCP features mentioned in this chapter?

8. What tasks mentioned in this chapter can be handled by TCP?

9. What is included in a TCP header?

10. How does TCP decide the timeout to resend a packet?

11. What is the difference between UDP and TCP?

12. Name some commonly used protocols in the Internet layer.

13. Why do we need to replace IPv4 with IPv6?

14. What are the tasks mentioned in this chapter that can be accomplished by IP?

15. What is encapsulation?

16. How can ICMP packets be transmitted across heterogeneous networks?

17. Describe the differences among the IP routing protocols, RIP, OSPF, and BGP.

18. What is the concern when we use PPTP for a virtual private network?

19. Describe the two components included in Ethernet.

20. Compared with copper wire, what are the advantages of optical fiber?

Solution

1)Application Layer protocols include

2)HTTP means Hyper Text Tranfer Protocol which is used for browsing Internet over World Wide Web..It defines the message formats and the transmission procedures..HTTP defines the necessary actions Web Server should take part and to generate response commands

3)Dynamic Host Configuration Procol is used to provide IP address and other related configuration information such as the subnet mask and default gateway information to the host..It is a client/server protocol

4)Simple Mail Transfer Protocol,SMTP is used for sending out emails from mail clients

PostOfficeProtocol,POP3 is used to retrieve emails from mail server(sender) to mail client(receiver)

Internet Message Access Protocol IMAP allows users regarding group messages

IMAP consumes storage space faster than POP3..POP3 uses limited storage space

IMAP is accessed anywhere and anytime

5)SSH is safer tahn Telenet because there are no authentication policies. & data encryption techniques in telnet causing huge security threat where as Secure Shell ,SSH is a very secure protocol because it shares and sends the information in encrypted form which provides confidentiality and security of the data over an un-secured network such as internet

7)TCP features include

8)Tasks of TCP

9)TCP header consists of the following

10)In TCP A retransmission timer is used when expecting an acknowledgment from the other end.

A persist timer keeps window size information flowing even if the other end closes its receive window.

A keepalive timer detects when the other end on an otherwise idle connection crashes or reboots

11)User Datagram Protocol is connectionless whereas Transmission Control Protocol TCP is Connection oriented.UDP is unrelaible whereas TCP is reliable

UDP sends packets individually whwreas TCP sends streams of bytes

12)Internet Layer Protocols include IP,InternetProtocol,ICMP,ARP(Address Resolution Protocol)and IGMP

13)IPV4 is 32 bit whereas IPV6 is 128 bit address.IPV6 came up with the following features

14)Internet Protocol specefies the technical format of the packets and the addressing schemes to communicate oevr networks

15)Encapsulation means taking data from one protocol and translating it into another protocol. For example, a TCP/IP packet contained within an ATM frame is a form of encapsulation

16)Internet Control Message Protocol ICMP uses Fragmentation to transmit packets over heterogeneous Networks

17)Routing Interface Protocol RIF,Open Shortest Path First OSPF and Border Gateway Protocol,BGP

RIF and OSPF are Interior routing Protocols and BGP is an exterior routing protocol

RIF uses Distance Vector Routing ,OFSP uses Link Stating Routing and BGP uses Path Vector Routing to find the shortest paths

18)PPTP means Point to Point Tunneling Protocol..when it is used inVirtual Private NEtworks VPNs they provide security using tunneling.It encapsulates packetsinside packets of another protocol to create virtual circuit

19)Ethernet uses RJ45 at cable ends as connectors and category 3,4 or 5 UTP cabels

20)Comparing to copper wire,Optical Fiber generates huge bandwidth which spees the transmission and they provide complete resistance to the Electromagnetic Interference