1 Starting with the DNA template know how to determine RNA a

1. Starting with the DNA template, know how to determine RNA and protein sequences. Understand the genetic code.

2. Know structure of a gene and of an mRNA (promoter, 5’UTR, etc).

3. Know how a DNA template is “read” to synthesize an RNA. Know how an RNA template is read to synthesize a protein.

4. Understand what a consensus sequence is and how it is recognized.

5. Know the key events that occur during each stage of transcription and translation. Know the purpose of these events.

6. Know functions of transcription and translation factors listed on study guide. How could they be disrupted by mutations? Would these mutations be dominant or recessive?

Solution

1. Genetic code is a set of rules by which information present within the mRNA is translated into protein. Through the genetic code, the nucleotides in the mRNA are linked to amino acids in the protein.

Through transcription, the enzyme RNA polymerase builds RNA molecules that are complemetary to the nucleotides of DNA template strand. Adenine pairs with Uracil and Guanine pairs with cytosine.

The transcribed mRNA gets out of the nucleus and it directs protein synthesis with the help of tRNA and ribosomes. The anticodons of tRNA pair with the codons of mRNA to translate specific proteins.