What are the design features in an aircraft that affect an a

What are the design features in an aircraft that affect an aircraft’s takeoff and landing performance (Specifically, comment on the types of Wings, configuration, and power plant effects)?

Solution

The four important forces that act on an aircraft are following

1. Lift (upward direction) 2. weight (downward)

3. thrust (forward direction) 4. drag (backward)

Weight and drag resists the motion of an aircraft and these two forces are present naturally. However, lift and thurst have to be generated and these are important to keep aircraft moving forward at a certain height.

A spacecraft is given a streamlined shape so that it is easier for the aircraft to cut the air and move forward. An aircraft is purposely given an elongated shape.

Wings of an aircraft generate upward lift by making the pressure above the wing lower than the lower side of the wings. As a result of the pressure difference above and below the wing, the aircraft gets an upwarf lift. In order to create the pressure difference, the wings have upper surface curved and they are at certain angle from the direction of flow of air.

Power plant system of an aircraft helps in providing a thrust to it in the forward direction. This is important in order to overcome the backward drag in the air. The forward thurst should be greater than backward drag.