compare and contrast the various categories of genetic disor

compare and contrast the various categories of genetic disorders. include autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, x-linked, and codominance in your discussion. Also include the following terms: (Alleles, mendelian traits, carriers, inborn errors of metabolism, epistasis, penetrance, G x E influence)

Solution

Genes are building blocks of heredity. They are passed from parents to child. They hold DNA, the instruction for making protein. Protein do most of the work in cells. They move molecules from one place to other, built structure and do many other maintenance jobs.

some time there is a change in gene. The mutation change the gene\'s instruction for making a protein. So the protein does not work properly. This can cause a medical condition called genetic disorder.

There are three types of genetic disorder

1. single gene disorder, mutation affect one gene

2. Chromosomal disorder where chromosomes are missing or changed

3. Complex disorder where mutation in two or more gene

1.single gene inheritance is called mendelian monogenetic inheritance. This type of inheritance is caused by changes that occur in the DNA sequence of a single gene. example sickle cell anemia, cystic fibrosis

2.chromosomal abnormalities -chromosomes are the carriers of genetic material, abnormality in chromosome number or structure can result in disease. abnormality in chromosome occurs due to a problem with cell division. for example Down syndrome or 21 trisomy is a common disorder that occur when a person has there copies of chromosome 21. There are many other chromosome abnormality including, Turner syndrome 45,X0. Klinefelter syndrome 47, XXY .

3. multiplefactorial disorder is also called polygenetic inheritance. Multifactorial disorder are caused by a combination of environmental factors and mutation in multiple gene. For example different gene that influence breast cancer susceptibility have been found on chromosome 6,11,13,14,15,17 and 22 . Other examples of multifactorial inheritance is heart disease, high blood pressure. Arthritis ect