There are two other types of common point mutations a change

There are two other types of common point mutations (a change, insertion or deletion of a nucleotide) that affect the coding sequence of various proteins. Briefly describe all three types of mutations in Table 4 and include whether you predict that the level of mRNA and protein might be affected (increased or decreased). Sometimes mutations involve the deletion of large regions of genetic information. Other mutations affect gene expression by altering die DN A sequence of regulatory elements like promoter regions. Further analysis reveals that your patient appears to have a mutation that affects mRNA splicing (removal of introns and splicing together of various exons), which occurs approximately _____% of the time in this condition Um mutation reduces the level of mature mRNA in his cells, Ibis is why the level of the affected gene shows a lower expression level than controls in your patient, Lee.

Solution

1. Nonsense mutation: A change in one DNA base pair, the altered sequence prematurely signals the cell to stop building a protein. Results in a shortened protein which would lead to decrease of functional protein in the cell.

2. Insertion mutation: Insertion of a number of DNA bases in a gene, the resulting mRNA would be changed. Due to this, there would be a decrease in functional protein in the cell.

3. Deletion mutation: A deletion changes the number of DNA bases by removing a piece of DNA. The mutation may either increase or decrease the size of mRNA sequence. The deleted DNA may alter the function of resulting protein in both ways.