Explain how Mendels law of segregation applies to the distri

Explain how Mendel\'s law of segregation applies to the distribution of alleles in gametes. Assume that production of hairs on a plant\'s leaves is controlled by a single gene with two alleles, H (dominant) and h (recessive). Hairy leaves are dominant to smooth (nonhairy) leaves. (a) Name the genotype(s) of a smooth-leaved plant. ____ (b) Name the genotype(s) of a hairy-leaved plant. ____ (c) What are the possible genotypes of gametes produced by the smooth-leaved plant? ____ (d) What are the possible genotypes of gametes produced by the hairy-leaved plant? ____ Non-true-breeding hairy-leaved plants are crossed with smooth-leaved plants. (a) What genotypic and phenotypic ratios would you expect for the potential offspring? ____ (b) Suppose you perform such a cross, collect data, and do a chi-square test to aid in data analysis. How many degrees of freedom would there be? _____ (c) Suppose your chi-square value is very large (>25). What does this indicate about your experiment and/or hypothesis? What genotypic ratio would you expect in the gametophyte generation of C-ferns produced by F_1 spores if two traits on separate chromosomes were being followed? Were dominant and recessive traits observed equally in both gametophytes and sporophytes of C-ferns? How did you determine which character was dominant and which was recessive?

Solution

Answer :

1. Each diploid organism contains two alleles for each trait. Those alleles will be separated or segregated into different gametes.

Mendel\'s Law of segregation states that an individual organism has two alleles for every gene, one inherited from its mother and one from its father. When this organism forms its own gametes, each gamete will receive only one of these alleles, and this process is random.

The law of segregation states that when the egg and sperm combine at fertilization, the alleles are restored in the paired condition. This means that each side\'s allele combines, and the dominance effects of Mendelian understanding of genetics come into play.