species is reduced species is redldced reaction indicated in

species is reduced.. species is redldced reaction indicated in equations 1-6, indicate which species is oxidized and whic

Solution

A species is said to be oxidized when it\'s oxidation number increases. and it is said to be reduced when it\'s oxidation number decreases.

How to calculate oxidation no.?

example: Find the oxidation no. of Cu in CuCO₃ ?

Step (1): Assume the oxidation no. of Cu is x.

Step(2): write the simple algebric equation and put R.H.S. = 0.

So we can write: x + 4-2* 3 = 0

x= 6-4 = 2: x=2

So the oxidation no. of Cu in CuCO₃ is 2.

Tip: if compound has certain no. of charge then put that number in the right side instaed of zero.(eg: CuCl₄^3- put R.H.S. = -3)

Equ(1): In this redox reaction Cu is oxidized from 0 oxidation no. to +2.

Hydrogen has same oxidation no. both sides. Nitrogen is reduced because it has +5 oxidation no. on reactant side and +4 on product side.

Equ(2): none is oxidized or reduced because the oxidation numbers are same for each species on both sides.

Equ(3): Again none is oxidized or reduced because the oxidation numbers are same for each species on both sides.

Equ(4): Again none is oxidized or reduced because the oxidation numbers are same for each species on both sides.

Equ(5): Here the Cu of CuCl₄^2- is reduced beacause the  Cu is reduced from +2 oxidation no. to +1.

And the solid copper is oxidized from oxidation no. 0 to oxidation number +1.

Equ(6): In this reaction Cu of CuCl₄^3- has oxidation no. of +1 and also in the product side the oxidation no. of Cu is +1. So no oxidation or reduction. Only ion exchange is taking place.