Need answers to ALL 4 questions please What is the differenc

What is the difference between primary and secondary neurulation? An infant suffers from craniorachischisis. What is this condition, what is the likely mechanism of this condition and what insight does this condition provide for our understanding of neurulation? What is the role of BMP, Cadherins and Folic Acid in the process of neurulation? Describe the changes in shape that the overlying ectoderm must accomplish to form the neural tube. What are some molecular factors which participate in this alteration of form?

Solution

1. The folding process in vertebrate embryos is called neurulation. In primary neurulation, the neural plate creases inward until the edges come in contact and fuse. While in secondary neurulation,  the tube forms by hollowing out of the interior of a solid precursor.

2. When spinal cord and brain are exposed simulatenously, the condition is called Craniorachischisis. In this condition,  posterior neuropore of the neural tube fails to close by the 27th intrauterine day.

3.  Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), cadherin and folic acid help in cell morphogenesis during neurulation.