I need help with these four questions If someone can provide

1. What is the difference between primary and secondary neurulation? 2. An infant suffers from craniorachischisis. What is this condition, what is the likely mechanism of this condition and what insight does this condition provide for our understanding of neunulation? 3. What is the role of BMP, Cadherins and Folic Acid in the process of neunulation? 4. Describe the changes in shape that the overlying ectoderm must accomplish to form the neural tube. What are some molecular factors which participate in this alteration of form?

Solution

1.Neurulation is defined as the process which occurs in vertebrate embryos.This process basically involves tthe transformation of the neural plate present in the embryo into the neural tube.The main different between the primary and secondary neurulation is that In primary neurulation, the neural plate which is present in the embrypt usually creases inward and it is present inward until the edges come in contact and eventually fuse together.On the other hand In secondary neurulation, the tube is usually created and formed by the process of hollowing out of the interior of a solid precursor.