What is the rationale for free trade between nations Why is

What is the rationale for free trade between nations? Why is international trade in practice often beset by restrictions such as import tariffs/quotas?

Solution

the main objective of international trade is utilize the resources in an optimum way and get benefited with the commercial transactions. here nations exports the goods and services which they can create at lesser cost than its neighbor nations and in the same way they can import some goods and services which they can not create with lesser cost.

in this process the nations should also consider about internal producers and the marketers of products and services. to protect from international players (who are large and bigger in nature with huge revenues and profits), the domestic nations will frame and implement some strategies like tarrifs and quotas.

every coin has both sides, in the same way with international trade, the local producers and manufacturers will be suffer. so, to protect the local players, the governments impose these kind of taxes on imports.

and in some cases to protect the domestic customers, nations impose taxes on exports. suppose exporting gives higher profits than selling a product in domestic market, usually the producers will prefers to export than selling it in domestic market. in this regards, the domestic consumers will suffer without getting required goods and services.

so, nations use export tarriffs and import quotas to protect their domestic consumers as well as producers. it should not be thinks as negative way.