What is the most common oxidation state of the chalcogens co

What is the most common oxidation state of the chalcogens compared to the halogens? What is an explanation for the difference?

For each of the following periodic properties, state whether the halogens or the chalcogens have largers vales: atomic radii; ionic radii of the most common oxidation state; first ionization energy; second ionization energy. Show work.

Solution

chalcogens have six or sixteen electrons in their outer most shell and so to get a stable configuration they must acquire 2 additional electrons so their common oxidation state is -2 and for halogens they require one electron to get octect or 18 electrons in their outer most shell so they exibhit a common oxidation state of -1

atomic radius:- Halogens have smaller atomic radius when compared to Chalcogens due ot increase in nuclear attraction

ionic radii :- Chalcogens have larger ionic radii as thier oxidation state is higher than Halogens

first ionization energy:-Halogens have higher ionization energies because of their smaller radii and higher nuclear attraction over outer most electrons

second ionization energy:- Halogens have higher second ionization energies than Chalcogens