5 Define the terms efflux and extrusion and explain the mech

5) Define the terms efflux and extrusion and explain the mechanism of PMCA4 pump action with regard to changes in intracellular Ca2+ levels and normal capacitation.

Solution

The meaning of flux is flowing out.

Iflux refers to flowing out of Ions or molecules from the intracellular spaces to extracellular space.

Efflux pumps are found in microorganisms and they all are associated with multiple drug resistance.

Extrusion is energy consuming process in which a cell exports large particles through its cell membrane to the outside.

The damaged or unnecessary cells are targeted for elimination or extrusion by apoptosis without causing damage to the neighbouring cells.

The PM CAs belong to the family P type primary ion transport atpases. PMCA is a transport protein present in the cells which helps in the removal of CA + 2 it plays an important role in Eukaryotic cells. This pump gets the energy from adenosine triphosphate foreach molecule of ATP one plus 2 ion is removed. Is calcium is important second messenger its level must be kept table in self how accurate signalling. CA + 2 bind and activate PMCA increasing the fmt of proteins CA + 2 binding site calmodulin increases the rate to extrude ca + 2 from the cell.

This pump functions in a similar way to that of p type Ion pumps ATP transfers phosphate to P.M CA which forms phosphorylated intermediate.

It is found that PMC F4 also plays important role in Renal CA + 2 handling