case study of a female with a parasitic disease Here is a Mi

case study of a female with a parasitic disease Here is a Microbiology student\'s story from her point of view and in her own words. Some words were changed to aid in understanding, but the context was not changed. This is an actual illness that happened to me whenIwas 18 years old lving in Freetown, Sierra Leone, on the west coast of Africa. Here is some background information tounderstand our living situation: My family and moved to the city as displaced refugees due to several rebel attacks in my home town during the war. We rented afour bedroom apartment for a family of over fifteen and shared two pot- hole toilets with over seventy people. The house llved in was on top of asteep hilandat the bottom of the hill was a runni down the hill, but ng stream of water where people in the neighborhood did laundry,inever went there were many monitor lizards by the stream that would come up the hill sunny days to bask on the rocks. My family and lused to dry our clothes on the rocks after washing them. My cook helped with the laundry and a few times, my older sister bought snail meat from the market to because it was cheap and I helped her prepare the food. on the last day of school holiday, had a sight headache way home. When got home my mum gave me Tylenol (500mg) and I went to bed, but headache did not stop That evening had a slight fever and some body aches. The headache continued and was constant, with high fevers in the evenings and nights, and accompanied by chills. I have a brother who is a doctor and was working in a private hospital. After a week of constant headaches, and fevers my brother didamala test which was positive. I was gven since symptoms got worse even after reatment for malaria, I was vomiting a lot, anemic, had abdominal pain. received a blood transtusion with was very weak, could not walk and was dizzy all the time. One day, was unconscious for a couple of hours and my family thought Iwas dying. This was after my My to a stool found out another parastic disease along with malaria. I was given Braziguantel for a day and after a days was feeling better and back my feet.ido not remember the exact three months, submitted another stool sample for testing and it was negative.I was free from the second parasite. Below is a picture of the eggs that the doctor would have seen upon microscopic examination of the patient\'s stool. Distribution of this parasite is throughout Africa, but can also be foundins America, the Caribbean, and Puerto Rico. what are the possible diagnoses for this patient? What are your clues? What is the most likely diagnosis? Why? What are the sens and symptoms? How is this disease transmitted? What are the causal agents? Which species s most likely the causal agent in this case? wtyr what is the causal agent of malarla? what is the vector? of the pathogen that causes this parastic disease? What is the classification the pathogen that causes malaria? what is the classatication of the vector for malaria?

Solution

Q1 Answer : Schistomiasis is a tropical disease caused by parasitic infection with worms (Parasitic flat worms ) it is aslo called as snail fever and Bilharzia.

.Q2. Signs and symptoms may include abdominal pain, diarrhea, bloody stool, or blood in the urine. Those who have been infected a long time may experience liver damage, kidney failure, infertility, or bladder cancer.

Diagnosis of infection is confirmed by the identification of eggs in stools. Eggs of S. mansoni are approximately 140 by 60 µm in size, and have a lateral spine. The diagnosis is improved by the use of theKato-Katz technique (a semi-quantitative stool examination technique). Other methods that can be used are enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), circumoval precipitation test, and alkaline phosphatase immunoassay.

S.haematobium is the infectious agent which is also called as worlds deadliest schistosome

The disease is found in tropical countries in Africa, the Caribbean, eastern South America, Southeast Asia, and the Middle East. S. mansoni is found in parts of South America and the Caribbean, Africa, and the Middle East; S. haematobium in Africa and the Middle East; and S. japonicum in the Far East. S. mekongi and S. intercalatum are found locally in Southeast Asia and central West Africa, respectively

The classification of S.interclatum is as follows

Schistosoma intercalatum

Classification of vector

Anopheles

Some important species are:

Classification of malarial parasite P. vivax

In the case of human malarias, the definitive host is often referred to as the vector. The family contains about twelve genera, of which one is Plasmodium, which itself is now often divided up into numerous sub-genera, and then again into hundreds of different species, of which five infect humans (P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae and P. knowlesi).

Answer :

Cryptococcus neofmans is a fungi

Both A&D are correct

Q3. More than 6 months

The duration of treatment depends on whether it is a superficial fungal infection or deep tissue fungal infection. Superficial fungal infection can take few days to few months to heal. Deep tissue fungal infection can take upto few years to treat

Q4. answer: Cryptococcus gattii is an another speicies which can cause the disease in humans

Q5. Answer : By inhalation of fungus which results in lung infection that may spread to the brain causing Meningo encephalitis

The symptoms are fever, Malaise, pleurotic chest pain, cough, hemoptysis, headache, Nausea and vomitting , meningitis , seizurs, coma and some people may develop skin changes

Q6 answer : Cryptococcus speices is found in bird feces through out the world but usually the bird themselves are infected are sick humans and animals usually get infections from inhaling dust contaminated with bird feces but humans donot transmit to another human or animals. However C. gatti is accquired by inhalation of air borne plant material.

The people infected with C.neoforman usually have some defect in cell mediated immunity (HIv/AIDS ) however C gatti usually infecets immuno competent individuals (most occur in normal indivisuals)but can infect immuno compromised people.

Q7. Kenneth was intially addicted to smoking and was having asthama . after infection owth the pathogen he developed wheezing, cough ,eczema , vomitting .

Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Platyhelminthes
Class:	Trematoda
Subclass:	Digenea
Order:	Stringeiformes
Genus:	Schistosoma
Species:	S. intercalatum
Binomial name
Schistosoma intercalatum Classification of vector Anopheles stephensi Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta Order: Diptera Family: Culicidae Genus: Anopheles Some important species are: A. albimanus A. arabiensis A. barberi A. bellator A. crucians A. cruzii A. culicifacies A. darlingi A. dirus A. earlei A. freeborni A. funestus A. gambiae(Giles 1902) A. introlatus A. latens A. maculipennis A. moucheti A. nili A. punctipennis A. quadrimaculatus A. stephensi A. subpictus A. sundaicus A. walkeri Classification of malarial parasite P. vivax In the case of human malarias, the definitive host is often referred to as the vector. The family contains about twelve genera, of which one is Plasmodium, which itself is now often divided up into numerous sub-genera, and then again into hundreds of different species, of which five infect humans (P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae and P. knowlesi).