Confidentiality and integrity are important concepts when di

Confidentiality and integrity are important concepts when discussing security models. Which of the following was one the first models developed to address only one goal of integrity?

A. Biba

B. Clark-Wilson

C. Brewer and Nash

D. Chinese Wall

Solution

A. The Biba model, which was published in 1977, was the first model developed to address the concerns of integrity. It looks at preventing unauthorized users from making changes to the system and addresses only one goal of integrity (outsiders). Answer B is incorrect because although the Clark-Wilson model is based on integrity, it was not the first model. Answer C is incorrect because the Brewer and Nash model is based on confidentiality. Answer D is incorrect because the Chinese Wall is another name for the Brewer-Nash model.