1If we calculated an effect size and found it was r 42 whic

1.If we calculated an effect size and found it was r = .42, which expression would best describe the size of effect?

Small

Small to medium

Large

Medium to large

2.Of the following results of studies undertaken, which is considered to have been a Type II error?

A study of the use of silver nitrate dressings versus the use of acupuncture demonstrated equal healing times for the treatment of leg ulcers within the elderly community. The researchers concluded that both types of treatment were equally effective.

A study of sleep behavior showed that there is a relationship between raised body temperature and the number of hours of sleep. The conclusion drawn was that a person would sleep more if they had a high body temperature.

In a study of children’s reading habits at home, a relationship between reading and eating bananas was found. The conclusion was drawn that eating bananas improved reading ability.

Following the discovery that a person’s pain threshold increases when subjected to repeated electrical stimulation, researchers concluded that shock therapy is recommended for pain control.

3.Which of the following statements best describes the value of an ‘effect size’ to research?

It has a key role to play when calculating assumptions about collected data.

It is a vital statistic when calculating the significance of an experimental study.

It is a measure of the power of an experiment and therefore its significance.

It is a standardized measure that allows for the comparison across different studies that have used different variables or measurement scales.

4.Which of the following are assumptions underlying the use of parametric tests (based on the normal distribution)?

The data should be normally distributed.

The samples being tested should have approximately equal variances.

The data should be at least interval level.

All of the above.

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