Determine what sort of differentials they have What conseque

Determine what sort of differentials they have. What consequences does this have on the traction conditions on different surfaces (ice, etc)?

Solution

1. Mercedes-Benz G-class

Locking Differential : With the diff locked, the connected wheels always spin at equal speeds. In sand, mud, and snow, a locked differential ensures that torque continues to flow to the wheel with higher traction.

2. Nissan 370Z

Limited slip differential : A limited-slip differential marries the concepts of open and locked diffs, working like an open differential the majority of the time, then automatically beginning to lock as slip occurs. Lock-up can be achieved via a viscous fluid, a clutch pack, or a complex gear train.

3. BMW M3

Electronically controlled limited slip differential : An electronically controlled clutch pack offers rheostatlike control between open and fully locked behaviors, with adjustments made hundreds of times per second. For example, if the computer determines there’s too much oversteer during cornering, it can dial in more lockup to stabilize the car.

4. Audi S4

Torque vectoring differential : Using additional geartrains to overdrive the half-shafts, torque-vectoring differentials fine-tune the torque delivered to each drive wheel. This produces a yaw moment that can slow or quicken the car’s rotation in a corner. Still confused? Read the damn story.

5. Minivans and family sedans

Open Differential : When one tire loses traction, the opposing tire also experiences a torque reduction. In the worst case, your car is stuck with one wheel freely spinning while the tire with better traction can’t deliver enough torque to budge the vehicle. Modern traction-control systems compensate by applying the brakes (and thus a reaction torque) to the slipping wheel. That said, a more sophisticated diff is generally quicker-acting and more effective than this type.