A describe common signs of extrapyramidal side effects of an

Solution

a) antipsychotic also known as neuroleptics or major tranquilizers : is a class of drugs primilarily used to manage psychosis, principally in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

Extrapyramidal system : biological neural network that is part of the major system causing involuntary movements.

side effects: ssymptoms seens are as follows- acute dyskinesias and dystonic reactions ( muscular spasms of neck, jaw, back, eyes,throat and tongue ),tardive dyskinesia (irregular jerky movements), parkinsonism ( rigidity, masked facies), akinesia, akathisia (A feeling of internal motor restlessness) and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. These are caused by dopamine blockade or depletion in basal ganglia: this lack of dopamine often mimics idiopathic pathologies of the extrapyramidal systems.