Fitting is positioned or located in between the vertical and

Fitting is positioned or located in between the vertical and horizontal lines (or the pipe).

In the original figure, fitting is located exactly at the same distance from pump and cylinder. How does changing the location of the fitting affect the result? Why at end of the simulation, we see a pressure jump (see second figure)? How do you think we can fix this issue not to damage the equipment?

Solution

Change of location of fitting would affect the pressure jump as the head loss depends on velocity of flow in the fitting.

So placing the fitting closer to higher velocity side will tend to increase the pressure jump.

Fluid head loss through a fitting can be calculated by the following equation:

h = K x v² / 2g

where
h = pressure loss in terms of fluid head, i.e. fluid head loss
K = manufacturer\'s published \'K\' factor for the fitting
v = velocity of fluid
g = acceleration due to gravity

Part B: How to reduce the head loss/ pressure jump

The K value of fitting could be reduced increasing the curvature of fitting (from 90 degrees to lesser angles viz 30)

Bend Coeff = R/d (where R = Radius of bend curvature and d = diameter of pipe) should be high to reduce losses.

For bends of relative radii greater than 20 (or perhaps a somewhat larger value) it would seem that the bend coeffiClent should decrease asymptotically toward zero.