Plant diversity Coniferophyta and anthrophyta do not haveuse

Plant diversity:

Coniferophyta and anthrophyta do not have/use flagellated sperm like all the other plant phyla. Explain how their sperm move and fertilization takes place without flagella

Solution

The members of these phyla are wind and animal pollinated. Pollen grain move from stamen to stigma via the action of wind or through an animal mediator. Pollen moves from staminate cones reaches the stigma of ovulate cones. Ovulate cones have open scales. Upon arrival of pollen, the scales close. Then, the pollen moves down towards the megasporangium. Fertilization occurs. So, fertilization occurs without flagella.