HEA526 Problem Set 2 Types of Studies Case Control Cohort Ra

HEA526 Problem Set #2

Types of Studies

Case- Control

Cohort

Randomized Controlled Trial

Cross-Sectional

Program Evaluation Designs

One-Group Posttest Only

Posttest Only Comparison Group

Pretest-Posttest Comparison Group

One-Group Pretest-Posttest

Posttest Only Control Group

Pretest-Posttest Control Group

An investigator wants to assess whether smoking is a risk factor for pancreatic cancer. Electronic medical records at a local hospital will be used to identify 50 patients with pancreatic cancer. One-hundred patients who are similar but free of pancreatic cancer will also be selected. Each participant’s medical record will be analyzed for smoking history. Identify the type of study & program evaluation proposed. (1)

An investigator wants to assess whether the use of a specific medication given to infants born prematurely is associated with developmental delay. Fifty infants who were given the medication and 50 comparison infants who were also born prematurely but not given the medication will be selected for the analysis. Each infant will undergo extensive testing at age 2 for various aspects of development. Identify the type of study & program evaluation proposed. (1)

A study is planned to assess the effect of a new surgical intervention for gall bladder disease. One hundred patients with gall bladder disease will be randomly assigned to receive either the new surgical intervention. The efficacy of the new surgical intervention will be measured by the time a patient takes to return to normal activities, recorded in days. Identify the type of study & program evaluation proposed. (1)

An investigator wants to assess the association between caffeine consumption and impaired glucose tolerance, a precursor to diabetes. A study is planned to include 70 participants. Each participant will be surveyed with regard to their daily caffeine consumption. In addition, each participant will submit a blood sample that will be used to measure their glucose level. Identify the type of study & program evaluation proposed. (1)

A study is planned to compare two weight-loss programs in patients who are obese. The first program is based on caloric intake and the second is based on specific food combinations. The study will involve 20 participants and each participant will follow one program. The programs will be assigned randomly. The number of pounds lost will be compared between diets. Identify the type of study & program evaluation proposed. (1)

An orthopaedic surgeon observes that many of her patients coming in for total knee replacement surgery played organized sports before the age of 10. He plans to collect more extensive data on participation in organized sports from four patients undergoing knee replacement surgery and to report the findings. Identify the type of study & program evaluation proposed. (1)

A study is designed to evaluate the impact of a daily multivitamin on students’ academic performance. One hundred sixty students are randomly assigned to receive either the multivitamin or a placebo and are instructed to take the assigned drug daily for 20 days. On day 20, each student takes a standardized exam and the mean exam scores are compared between groups. Identify the type of study & program evaluation proposed. (1)

Solution

Sol)

1. An investigator wants to assess whether smoking is a risk factor for pancreatic cancer. Electronic medical records at a local hospital will be used to identify 50 patients with pancreatic cancer. One-hundred patients who are similar but free of pancreatic cancer will also be selected. Each participant’s medical record will be analyzed for smoking history. Identify the type of study & program evaluation proposed. (1)

Sol)Case -Control Study

The Study includes both cases and controls. These cases are include 50 patients from the local hospital identified with the outcome of intersest (pancreatic cancer) and controls include : 100 patients who are similar but free of the outcome of interest (ie.,pancreatic cancer)

2) An investigator wants to assess whether the use of a specific medication given to infants born prematurely is associated with developmental delay. Fifty infants who were given the medication and 50 comparison infants who were also born prematurely but not given the medication will be selected for the analysis. Each infant will undergo extensive testing at age 2 for various aspects of development. Identify the type of study & program evaluation proposed. (1)

Sol) Cohort study

whether the use of a specific medication given to infants born prematurely is associated with developmental delay. so we use cohorent study

3)

A study is planned to assess the effect of a new surgical intervention for gall bladder disease. One hundred patients with gall bladder disease will be randomly assigned to receive either the new surgical intervention. The efficacy of the new surgical intervention will be measured by the time a patient takes to return to normal activities, recorded in days. Identify the type of study & program evaluation proposed. (1)

SOl) Randomised control trials

4) An investigator wants to assess the association between caffeine consumption and impaired glucose tolerance, a precursor to diabetes. A study is planned to include 70 participants. Each participant will be surveyed with regard to their daily caffeine consumption. In addition, each participant will submit a blood sample that will be used to measure their glucose level. Identify the type of study & program evaluation proposed.

Sol) Cohort study

here we are finding association between caffeine consumption and impaired glucose tolerance, a precursor to diabetes

5) A study is planned to compare two weight-loss programs in patients who are obese. The first program is based on caloric intake and the second is based on specific food combinations. The study will involve 20 participants and each participant will follow one program. The programs will be assigned randomly. The number of pounds lost will be compared between diets. Identify the type of study & program evaluation proposed. (1)

Sol) Randomised control trials

The study includes students that were randomized to receive on the comaprison treartments (ie., diets)

6) An orthopaedic surgeon observes that many of her patients coming in for total knee replacement surgery played organized sports before the age of 10. He plans to collect more extensive data on participation in organized sports from four patients undergoing knee replacement surgery and to report the findings. Identify the type of study & program evaluation proposed. (1)

Sol) A case report

The study involves a systematic review of the interesting and common features of a small collection/series of cases(i.e., four patients undergoing knee replacement surgeery)The study is looking to see whether there is an association between the knee replcement and playing oranized sports before the age of 10.

7) A study is designed to evaluate the impact of a daily multivitamin on students’ academic performance. One hundred sixty students are randomly assigned to receive either the multivitamin or a placebo and are instructed to take the assigned drug daily for 20 days. On day 20, each student takes a standardized exam and the mean exam scores are compared between groups. Identify the type of study & program evaluation proposed. (1)

Sol) Randomised control trials

The study includes students that were randomized to receive on the comaprison treartments (ie., multivitamin)