A How can signalflow graphs be applied to systems that are d

A) How can signal-flow graphs be applied to systems that are described by differential equations?

B) What does the arrow on the branch of a signal-flow graph represent?

C) Define the input node of a signal-flow graph.

D) Define the output node of a signal-flow graph.

Solution

Ans) A) For the systems described by differential equations ,the signal-flow graph is mathematically equivalent to the system of equations describing the system, so first transform linear differential equations into algebraic equations in [the Laplace transform variable] s. and the equations governing the nodes are discovered for each node by summing incoming branches to that node These incoming branches convey the contributions of the other nodes, expressed as the connected node value multiplied by the weight of the connecting branch,weight in differential equation is Laplace paramenter s or integral or derivative

B) Direction of signal travel is indicated by arrow and also Functional dependence of a node is indicated by an incoming arrow, the node originating this influence is the beginning of this arrow, and in its most general form the signal flow graph indicates by incoming arrows only those nodes that influence the processing at the receiving node, and at each node,  the incoming variables are processed according to a function associated with that node

C) A input node is a node that has only outgoing branches,this corresponds to independent variable

D)A input node is a node that has only incoming branches,this corresponds to dependent variable